To guarantee long equipment life, the construction and assembly of heat exchangers, piping, valves and compressors requires metalworking fluids compatible with the refrigerant and lubricant without cleaning prior to final brazing or assembly. The movement of the industry to chemically unstable low GWP refrigerants and aluminum heat exchangers has necessitated the development of new metalworking lubricants and additive packages. Continued interest in developing environmentally friendly materials with low VOC, no wax formation, and excellent compatibility when tested by ASHRAE Standards 86 and 97 continues to drive the manufacturing market to search for the next generation of sustainable metalworking fluids.