From the late 1940's to the late 1960's, significant efforts were made by ASHVE and ASHRAE to evaluate and quantify the impact of window shading. In the context of the now defunct Shading Coefficient (SC), well known researchers such as Parmelee, Ozisik, Schutrum, Farber, Yellott and Keyes laid the groundwork for much of the work that followed decades later. Of particular interest are the efforts of Keyes, published by ASHRAE in 1967. In that work, he presented measurements of the solar-optical properties of fabrics determined using a custom made apparatus. The main contribution of this work was a method of classifying fabric properties based either on visible inspection, or property measurements. The result was the Keyes Universal Chart, which has been in the Fenestration Chapter of the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals since the 1970's.
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