4 Operation Optimization of Buildings As Virtual Batteries for the Grid with High Penetrations of Renewables

Zheng O'Neill, Ph.D., P.E., University of Alabama
One approach for realizing the potential for both building energy cost savings and the
integration of renewable energy systems (RES) into the power grid involves the proactive
integration of building operation into the power grid by optimizing the operation of
energy sources with time-sensitive electricity price. The operation scheduling problem is
formulated with the RES, electrochemical batteries as energy sources, and the building
envelope as thermal energy storage, and is solved as a mixed integer programming problem.
A case study using the AMPL platform shows that such energy storage technologies provide
an effective way to connect energy supply resources and demands, and facilitate efficient
building operations.

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