This presentation introduces an integrated technology that utilizes smart plugs as occupancy sensors, along with low-cost virtual outdoor-air flow rate and thermal energy meters for energy efficient operations and detection of energy faults of air handling units (AHU) or rooftop units. The smart plug uses power measurements coupled with occupancy sensors to accurately infer occupancy. The virtual meters determine outdoor-air flow rate and thermal energy use in AHUs indirectly through control valve, outdoor air damper and fan operation variables, which are readily obtained. The technology integrates plug load systems with HVAC systems in commercial buildings to enhance energy performance.
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